a - as in but
ā - as in far but held twice as long as a
i - as in pin
ī - as in pique but held twice as long as i
u - as in push
ū - as in rule but held twice as long as u
ṛ - as in rim
e - as in they
ai - as in aisle
o - as in go
au - as in how
k - as in kite
kh - as in Eckhart
g - as in give
gh - as in dig-hard
ṅ - as in sing
p - as in pine
ph - as in up-hill (not f)
b - as in bird
bh - as in rub-hard
m - as in mother
t - as in tub
ţh - as in light-heart
ḍ - as in dove
ḍh - as in red-hot
ṇ - as in sing
a - c - as in chair
ā -ch - as in staunch-heart
i - j - as in joy
ī - jh - as in hedgehog
u - ῆ - as in canyon
t - as in tub
th - as in light-heart
d - as in dove
dh - as in red-hot
n - as in nut
y - as in yes
r - as in run
l - as in light
v - as in vine, except when preceded in the same syllable by a consonant, then like in swan
ś - as in the German word sprechen
ş - as in shine
s - as in sun
h - as in home
ṁ - a resonant nasal sound like in the French word bon
ḥ - as final h-sound: aḥ as pronounced like aha; iḥ like ihi